{"id":2364,"date":"2020-12-23T19:13:51","date_gmt":"2020-12-24T03:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lightsondata.com\/?post_type=tva_lesson&#038;p=2364"},"modified":"2020-12-23T21:25:44","modified_gmt":"2020-12-24T05:25:44","slug":"scatter-plot","status":"publish","type":"tva_lesson","link":"https:\/\/www.lightsondata.com\/course\/scatter-plot\/","title":{"rendered":"Scatter Plot"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Alternative Definition<\/h2>\n<p>A scatter plot is a plot of two variables, X and Y, measured independently to produce bivariate pairs (Xi, Yi), and displayed as individual points on a coordinate grid typically defined by horizontal and vertical axes, where there is no necessary functional relation between X and Y.<\/p>\n<h2>When to Use the Scatter Plot<\/h2>\n<p>Use the scatter plot if you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Have paired numerical data<\/li>\n<li>Want to determine correlation or find patterns\/ groupings<\/li>\n<li>Identify a predictive pattern<\/li>\n<li>Need to identify outliers<\/li>\n<li>Would like to spot data quality issues (Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/asq.org\/quality-resources\/seven-basic-quality-tools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" style=\"outline: none;\">7 basic tools of quality controls<\/a>, out of which the scatter plot is one of them)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Correlation is NOT Causation<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Even if there is a correlation between two variables, we cannot conclude that one variable causes a change in the other. This relationship could be coincidental, or other factors that aren&#8217;t being plotted may be causing either or both variables to change.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">To avoid this, you can try changing the scatter plot into a diamond plot.<\/p>\n<h2>Correlation types<\/h2>\n<p>If a correlation is found, it will be a mix of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linear vs. non-linear&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Positive vs. negative<\/li>\n<li>Strong, moderate, weak<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: if no correlation is found, especially if you are expecting one, consider whether the independent (x-axis) variable has been varied widely. Sometimes a relationship is not apparent because the data do not cover a wide enough range.<\/p>\n<h2>History of the Scatter Plot<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.datavis.ca\/papers\/friendly-scat.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" style=\"outline: none;\">The early origins and development of the scatterplot<\/a>, by Michael Friendly and Daniel Denis<\/li>\n<li>An interactive timeline on the <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.knightlab.com\/libs\/timeline3\/latest\/embed\/index.html?source=1lqjE7RKyvhfa_zqt6EuQUK051O8thpMxbHBfYeQeUcA&amp;font=Lustria-Lato&amp;lang=en&amp;initial_zoom=2&amp;height=650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" style=\"outline: none;\">history of the scatter plot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Main takeaways:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>William Playfair was not the inventor of the scatter plot \ud83d\ude42<\/li>\n<li>Statistician Edward Tufte once estimated that more than 70% of all charts in scientific publications are scatter plots<\/li>\n<li>Presumably, the original scatterplot was made in 1833 by the English scientist John Frederick W. Herschel for a study on the orbits of double stars<\/li>\n<li>Statisticians William Cleveland and Robert McGill conducted a research in the 1980s on which charts people perceive most accurately and quickly. The scatter plot was the big winner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Types of Scatter Plots<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Diamond plot<\/li>\n<li>Bubble chart<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More related to it than a type of:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Connected scatter plot<\/li>\n<li>Scatter map<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Visualization Best Practices<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Trend line<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use it as it saves viewer&#8217;s time and indicates how strong the relationship between the variables is<\/li>\n<li>Try not to have more than two trend lines<\/li>\n<li>Will help identify the outliers quicker<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Plots<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use hollowed out&nbsp; or semi-transparent plots<\/li>\n<li>Use different colors and shapes if you have more than one category\/ group<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Avoid over-plotting by<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reducing the dot size<\/li>\n<li>Using transparency&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Using only a sample of your data<\/li>\n<li>Grouping, if available<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Grouping<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use different colors (using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lightsondata.com\/course\/color-usage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">color best practices<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Use symbols<\/li>\n<li>Can help identify instances of the Simpson&#8217;s paradox<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-2364","tva_lesson","type-tva_lesson","status-publish","hentry","tva_courses-data-visualization-for-data-storytelling","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>LightsOnData<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lightsondata.com\/course\/scatter-plot\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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